This study aimed to relate the psychosocial effects of religion and culture with the awareness, knowledge and attitude of Nigerians regarding diabetes prevention and care. Data was collected from a sample of 1500 individuals in communities where secondary and tertiary health care centres are situated from 12/02/2012 to 25/03/2012. The study population included a higher proportion of females (65%), with the majority between 19 and 29 years old (56%). Most were unemployed (67%) or in the teaching profession (24%). Over half (58%) respondents were Christian; while 41% were Muslim, and 1% were traditional worshippers. Over 25% believed that diabetes was due to witchcraft or a punishment from God. Also, 28% believed that diabetes was caused by an infection; and 16% and 10% believed diabetes could be caused by witchcraft or by God, respectively. Nearly all (90%) believed that diabetes was potentially fatal. We conclude that many diabetic patients have inadequate knowledge about the causes of diabetes and its complications.

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